Gearomg

• Firefox For Mac 104 11 Download Free
• Firefox For Mac 10.4 11 Download
• Firefox For Mac 10.6.8 Download

Firefox notifies me that I'm not running the latest version (I have 3.6.24 GTB7.1) and to download the version compatible with my older system (Mac Tiger 10.4.11). I click on that link and can find nothing that states what systems the version(s) there are compatible with. Firefox 65.0.2 - Fast, safe Web browser. Download the latest versions of the best Mac apps at safe and trusted MacUpdate Download, install, or update Firefox for Mac from MacUpdate. When I'm on the Mozilla download page at lang=en-US I click on the download button, but the download never starts.

Mozilla Firefox, or simply Firefox, is a free and open-source^[23]web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, Mozilla Corporation. Firefox is available for Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, BSD,^[8][9][10]illumos^[11] and Solaris^[13]operating systems. Its sibling, Firefox for Android, is also available. Firefox uses the Geckolayout engine to render web pages, which implements current and anticipated web standards.^[24] In 2017, Firefox began incorporating new technology under the code name Quantum to promote parallelism and a more intuitive user interface.^[25] An additional version, Firefox for iOS, was released on November 12, 2015. Due to platform restrictions, it uses the WebKit layout engine instead of Gecko, as with all other iOS web browsers.

Firefox was created in 2002 under the codename 'Phoenix' by the Mozilla community members who desired a standalone browser, rather than the Mozilla Application Suite bundle. During its beta phase, Firefox proved to be popular with its testers and was praised for its speed, security, and add-ons compared to Microsoft's then-dominant Internet Explorer 6. Firefox was released on November 9, 2004,^[26] and challenged Internet Explorer's dominance with 60 million downloads within nine months.^[27] Firefox is the spiritual successor of Netscape Navigator, as the Mozilla community was created by Netscape in 1998 before their acquisition by AOL.^[28]

Firefox usage grew to a peak of 32% at the end of 2009,^[29] with version 3.5 overtaking Internet Explorer 7, although not Internet Explorer as a whole.^[30][31] Usage then declined in competition with Google Chrome.^[29] As of May 2019, Firefox has 10.0% usage share as a 'desktop' browser, according to StatCounter, making it the second-most popular such web browser;^[32]usage across all platforms is lower at 4.66% (and then third-most popular overall).^[33] Firefox is still the most popular desktop browser in a few countries including Cuba (even most popular overall at 49.7%^[34]) and Eritrea with 72.26%^[35] and 83.28%^[36] of the market share, respectively. According to Mozilla, in December 2014, there were half a billion Firefox users around the world.^[37]

• 2Features
• 4Platform availability
• 7Trademark and logo

History[edit]

The project began as an experimental branch of the Mozilla project by Dave Hyatt, Joe Hewitt, and Blake Ross. They believed the commercial requirements of Netscape's sponsorship and developer-driven feature creep compromised the utility of the Mozilla browser.^[38] To combat what they saw as the Mozilla Suite's software bloat, they created a stand-alone browser, with which they intended to replace the Mozilla Suite.^[39] On April 3, 2003, the Mozilla Organization announced that they planned to change their focus from the Mozilla Suite to Firefox and Thunderbird.^[40] The community-driven SeaMonkey was formed and eventually replaced the Mozilla Application Suite in 2005.

The Firefox project has undergone several name changes.^{[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]} The nascent browser was originally named Phoenix, after the mythical bird that rose triumphantly from the ashes of its dead predecessor (in this case, from the 'ashes' of Netscape Navigator, after was sidelined by Microsoft Internet Explorer in the 'First Browser War'). Phoenix was renamed due to a trademark claim from Phoenix Technologies. The replacement name, Firebird, provoked an intense response from the Firebird database software project.^[49][50] The Mozilla Foundation reassured them that the browser would always bear the name Mozilla Firebird to avoid confusion. After further pressure, Mozilla Firebird became Mozilla Firefox on February 9, 2004.^[51] The name Firefox was said to be derived from a nickname of the red panda,^[52] which became the mascot for the newly named project.^[53]

The Firefox project went through many versions before version 1.0 was released on November 9, 2004.^[54] For the abbreviation of Firefox, Mozilla prefers Fx or fx, though it is often abbreviated as FF.^[55]

In 2016, Mozilla announced a project known as Quantum, which sought to improve Firefox's Gecko engine and other components to improve Firefox's performance, modernize its architecture, and transition the browser to a multi-process model. These improvements came in the wake of decreasing market share to Google Chrome, as well as concerns that its performance was lapsing in comparison. Despite its improvements, these changes required existing add-ons for Firefox to be made incompatible with newer versions, in favor of a new extension system that is designed to be similar to Chrome and other recent browsers. Firefox 57, which was released in November 2017, was the first version to contain enhancements from Quantum, and has thus been named Firefox Quantum. A Mozilla executive stated that Quantum was the 'biggest update' to the browser since version 1.0.^[56][57][58]

On May 3, 2019, the expiration of an intermediate signing certificate caused Firefox to automatically disable all browser extensions (add-ons).^[59][60] Mozilla began roll-out of a fix shortly thereafter, using their Mozilla Studies component.^[59][60]

Features[edit]

Features include tabbed browsing, spell checking, incremental search, live bookmarking, Smart Bookmarks, a download manager, private browsing, location-aware browsing (also known as 'geolocation') based on a Google service,^[61] and an integrated search system, which uses Google by default in most markets.^[62] Additionally, Firefox provides an environment for web developers in which they can use built-in tools, such as the Error Console or the DOM Inspector, or extensions, such as Firebug and more recently there has been an integration feature with Pocket. Firefox Hello was an implementation of WebRTC, added in October 2014, which allows users of Firefox and other compatible systems to have a video call, with the extra feature of screen and file sharing by sending a link to each other. Firefox Hello was scheduled to be removed in September 2016.^[63]

Functions can be added through add-ons created by third-party developers. Add-ons are primarily coded using an HTML and JavaScriptAPI known as WebExtensions, which is designed to be similar to the Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge extension systems. Firefox previously supported add-ons using the XUL and XPCOM APIs, which allowed them to directly access and manipulate much of the browser's internal functionality. As they are not compatible with its multi-process architecture, XUL add-ons are now deemed Legacy add-ons and are no longer supported on Firefox 57 and newer.^[64][65]

Firefox can have themes added to it, which users can create or download from third parties to change the appearance of the browser. The Firefox add-on website also gives users the ability to add other applications such as games, ad-blockers, screenshot apps, and many other apps.^[66][67]

Standards[edit]

Firefox implements many web standards, including HTML4 (almost full HTML5), XML, XHTML, MathML, SVG 2 (partial),^[68][69]CSS (with extensions),^[70] ECMAScript (JavaScript), DOM, XSLT, XPath, and APNG (Animated PNG) images with alpha transparency.^[71] Firefox also implements standards proposals created by the WHATWG such as client-side storage,^[72][73] and canvas element.^[74] These standards are implemented through the Gecko layout engine, and SpiderMonkey JavaScript engine.

Firefox has passed the Acid2 standards-compliance test since version 3.0.^[75] Mozilla had originally stated that they did not intend for Firefox to pass the Acid3 test fully because they believed that the SVG fonts part of the test had become outdated and irrelevant, due to WOFF being agreed upon as a standard by all major browser makers.^[76] Because the SVG font tests were removed from the Acid3 test in September 2011, Firefox 4 and greater scored 100/100.^[77][78]

Firefox also implements 'Safe Browsing',^[79] a proprietary protocol^[80] from Google used to exchange data related with phishing and malware protection.

Since version 38 on Windows Vista and newer, Firefox supports the playback of video content protected by HTML5 Encrypted Media Extensions (EME). For security and privacy reasons^[which?], EME is implemented within a wrapper of open source code that allows execution of a proprietaryDRM module by Adobe Systems—Adobe Primetime Content Decryption Module (CDM). CDM runs within a 'sandbox' environment to limit its access to the system, and provide it a randomized device ID to prevent services from uniquely identifying the device for tracking purposes. The DRM module, once it has been downloaded, is enabled and disabled in the same manner as other plug-ins. Since version 47,^[81] 'Google's Widevine CDM on Windows and Mac OS X so streaming services like Amazon Video can switch from Silverlight to encrypted HTML5 video' is also supported. Mozilla justified its partnership with Adobe and Google by stating

Firefox downloads and enables the Adobe Primetime and Google Widevine CDMs by default to give users a smooth experience on sites that require DRM. Each CDM runs in a separate container called a sandbox and you will be notified when a CDM is in use. You can also disable each CDM and opt out of future updates

and that it is 'an important step on Mozilla's roadmap to remove NPAPI plugin support.'^[83] Upon the introduction of EME support, builds of Firefox on Windows were also introduced that exclude support for EME.^[84][85] The Free Software Foundation and Cory Doctorow condemned Mozilla's decision to support EME.^[86]

On the HTML5 web standards test, Firefox 67 scores 530 out of 582 points.^[87]

Security[edit]

Firefox allowed for a sandbox security model to manage privileges accorded to JavaScript code, but that feature has since been deprecated.^[88] It limits scripts from accessing data from other websites based on the same-origin policy.^[89] It also provides support for smart cards to web applications, for authentication purposes.^[90] It uses TLS to protect communications with web servers using strong cryptography when using the HTTPS protocol.^[91] The freely available HTTPS Everywhere add-on enforces HTTPS, even if a regular HTTP URL is entered. Firefox now supports HTTP/2.^[92]

The Mozilla Foundation offers a 'bug bounty' (US$3,000 to US$7,500 cash reward) to researchers who discover severe security holes in Firefox.^[93] Official guidelines for handling security vulnerabilities discourage early disclosure of vulnerabilities so as not to give potential attackers an advantage in creating exploits.^[94]

Because Firefox generally has fewer publicly known security vulnerabilities than Internet Explorer (see Comparison of web browsers), improved security is often cited as a reason to switch from Internet Explorer to Firefox.^{[95][96][97][98]}The Washington Post reported that exploit code for known critical security vulnerabilities in Internet Explorer was available for 284 days in 2006. In comparison, exploit code for known, critical security vulnerabilities in Firefox was available for nine days before Mozilla issued a patch to remedy the problem.^[99]

A 2006 Symantec study showed that, although Firefox had surpassed other browsers in the number of vendor-confirmed vulnerabilities that year through September, these vulnerabilities were patched far more quickly than those found in other browsers, with Firefox's vulnerabilities being fixed on average one day after the exploit code was made available, as compared to nine days for Internet Explorer.^[100] Symantec later clarified their statement, saying that Firefox still had fewer security vulnerabilities than Internet Explorer, as counted by security researchers.^[101]

In 2010 a study of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), based on data compiled from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD), Firefox was listed as the fifth-most vulnerable desktop software, with Internet Explorer as the eighth, and Google Chrome as the first.^[102]

InfoWorld has cited security experts saying that, as Firefox becomes more popular, more vulnerabilities will be found,^[103] a claim that Mitchell Baker, president of the Mozilla Foundation, has denied. 'There is this idea that market share alone will make you have more vulnerabilities. It is not relational at all,' she said.^[104]

In October 2009, Microsoft's security engineers acknowledged that Firefox was vulnerable to a security issue found in the 'Windows Presentation Foundation' browser plug-in since February of that year. A .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 Windows Update had silently installed the vulnerable plug-in into Firefox.^[105] This vulnerability has since been patched by Microsoft.^[106]

As of February 11, 2011, Firefox 3.6 had no known unpatched security vulnerabilities according to Secunia.^[107]Internet Explorer 8 had five unpatched security vulnerabilities, the worst being rated 'Less Critical' by Secunia.^[108] Mozilla claims that all patched vulnerabilities of Mozilla products are publicly listed.^[109]

On January 28, 2013, Mozilla was recognized as the most trusted internet company for privacy in 2012.^[110] This study was performed by the Ponemon Institute and was a result of a survey from more than 100,000 consumers in the United States.

In February 2013, plans were announced for Firefox 22 to disable third-party cookies by default. However, the introduction of the feature was then delayed so Mozilla developers could 'collect and analyze data on the effect of blocking some third-party cookies.' Mozilla also collaborated with Stanford University's 'Cookie Clearinghouse' project to develop a blacklist and whitelist of sites that will be used in the filter.^[111][112]

Version 23, released in August 2013, followed the lead of its competitors by blocking iframe, stylesheet, and script resources served from non-HTTPS servers embedded on HTTPS pages by default. Additionally, JavaScript could also no longer be disabled through Firefox's preferences, and JavaScript was automatically re-enabled for users who upgraded to 23 or higher with it disabled. The change was made due to its use across the majority of websites, the potential repercussions on non-experienced users who are unaware of its impact, along with the availability of extensions such as NoScript, which can disable JavaScript in a more controlled fashion. The following release added the ability to disable JavaScript through the developer tools for testing purposes.^{[113][114][115]}

In January 2015, TorrentFreak reported that using Firefox when connected to the internet using a VPN can be a serious security issue due to the browser's support for WebRTC.^[116]

Beginning with Firefox 44, all extensions must be signed by Mozilla to be used in release and beta versions of Firefox. Firefox 43 blocked unsigned extensions, but allowed enforcement of extension signing to be disabled. All extensions must be submitted to Mozilla Add-ons and be subject to code analysis in order to be signed, although extensions do not have to be listed on the service in order to be signed.^[117][118] On May 2, 2019, Mozilla announced that it would be strengthening the signature enforcement with methods that included the retroactive disabling of old extensions now deemed to be insecure. A Firefox update on May 3 led to bug reports about all extensions being disabled. This was found to be the result of an overlooked certificate and not the policy change set to go into effect on June 10.^[119]

In Firefox versions prior to 7.0, an information bar appears on the browser's first start asking users whether they would like to send performance statistics, or 'telemetry', to Mozilla. It is enabled by default in development versions of Firefox, but not in release versions.^[120] According to Mozilla's privacy policy,^[121] these statistics are stored only in aggregate format, and the only personally identifiable information transmitted is the user's IP address.

Until November 2018, Firefox began using a sandbox to isolate web tabs from each other and from the rest of the system. Its lack of such a feature had previously earned it negative comparisons with Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge.^[122][123]

Since version 60 Firefox includes the option to use DNS over HTTPS (DoH), which causes DNS lookup requests to be sent encrypted over the HTTPS protocol. To use this feature the user must set certain preferences beginning with 'network.trr' (Trusted Recursive Resolver) in about:config: if network.trr.mode is 0, DoH is disabled; 1 activates DoH in addition to unencrypted DNS; 2 causes DoH to be used before unencrypted DNS; to use only DoH, the value must be 3. By setting network.trr.uri to the URL https://mozilla.cloudflare-dns.com/dns-query special Cloudflare servers will be activated.^[124] Mozilla has a privacy agreement with this server host that restricts their collection of information about incoming DNS requests.^[125]

On May 21, 2019, Firefox was updated to include the ability to block scripts that used a computer's CPU to mine cryptocurrency without a user's permission, in Firefox version 67.0. The update also allowed users to block known fingerprinting scripts that track their activity across the web, however it does not resist fingerprinting on its own.^[126]

Localizations[edit]

Firefox is a widely localized web browser. The first official release in November 2004 was available in 24 different languages and for 28 locales, including British English, American English, European Spanish, Argentine Spanish, and Chinese in Traditional Chinese characters and Simplified Chinese characters.^[127] As of June 2019, currently supported versions 67.0.4 and 60.7.2esr are available in 89 locales (79 languages).^[20]

Platform availability[edit]

The desktop version of Firefox is available and supported for Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux, while Firefox for Android is available for Android (formerly Firefox for mobile, it also ran on Firefox OS).

Notes

• In March 2014, the Windows Store app version of Firefox was cancelled, although there is a beta release.^[137]
• SSE2 instruction set support is required for 53.0 and later, IA-32 support only applies to superscalar processors.

Firefox source code may be compiled for various operating systems; however, officially distributed binaries are provided for the following:

Microsoft Windows[edit]

Firefox 1.0 was released for Windows 9x, as well as Windows NT 4.0 and later. Some users reported the 1.x builds were operable (but not installable) on Windows NT 3.51.^[143]

In September 2013, a Metro-style version of Firefox optimized for touchscreen use was introduced on the 'Aurora' release channel. However, the project has since been cancelled as of March 2014, with Mozilla citing a lack of user adoption of the beta versions.^{[144][145][146]}

Version 43.0 included the first x64 builds, made for Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2.^[147] Version 49.0 dropped support for processors without the SSE2 instruction set on Windows.

In April 2017, users of Firefox 52.0.2 on Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2008 who had automatic updates enabled were migrated to Firefox 52 ESR. The support was projected to end for these operating systems with the last release in June 2018.^[148]

macOS[edit]

The first official release (Firefox version 1.0) supported macOS (then called Mac OS X) on the PowerPC architecture. Mac OS X builds for the IA-32 architecture became available via a universal binary which debuted with Firefox 1.5.0.2 in 2006.

Starting with version 4.0, Firefox was released for the x64 architecture to which macOS had migrated.^[149]

Linux[edit]

Since its inception, Firefox for Linux supported the 32-bit memory architecture of the IA-32 instruction set. 64-bit builds were introduced in the 4.0 release.^[149] The 46.0 release replaced GTK+ 2.18 with 3.4 as a system requirement on Linux and other systems running X.Org.^[150] Starting with 53.0, the 32-bit builds require the SSE2 instruction set.

Firefox for mobile[edit]

Firefox for Android, codenamed Fennec, is a web browser for smaller non-PC devices, mobile phones, and PDAs. It was originally first released for the NokiaMaemo operating system, specifically the Nokia N900, on January 28, 2010.^[151] On March 29, 2011, besides Maemo, Version 4 was added for Android.^[152] With the release of mobile version, the browser's version number was bumped from 2 to 4, synchronizing it with all future desktop releases of Firefox because the rendering engines used in both browsers are the same.^[153] Version 7 was the last release for Maemo on the N900.^[154]

The user interface is completely redesigned and optimized for small screens, the controls are hidden away so that only the web content is shown on screen, and it uses touchscreen interaction methods. It includes the Awesome Bar, tabbed browsing, add-on support, password manager, location-aware browsing, and the ability to synchronize with the user's computer Firefox browser using Firefox Sync.^[155]

In April 2013, then-Mozilla CEO Gary Kovacs said that Firefox would not come to iOS as long as Apple required the use of the WebKit layout engine to do so. One reason given by Mozilla was that prior to iOS 8, Apple had supplied third-party browsers with an inferior version of their JavaScript engine which hobbled their performance, making it impossible to match Safari's JavaScript performance on the iOS platform.^[156] Apple later opened their 'Nitro' JavaScript engine to third-party browsers.^[157] In 2015, Mozilla announced it was moving forward with Firefox for iOS, with a preview release made available in New Zealand in September of that year.^{[158][159][160]} In November 2016, Firefox released a new iOS app titled Firefox Focus, a private web browser.^[161]

Notes

• Firefox for iOS is not listed in this table as its version numbers would be misleading; it uses version numbers that do not correspond to any of the other Firefox versions. Those share a core component, the Gecko rendering engine, and track its version numbers, whereas the version for the iOS operating system uses the operating system's rendering engine (WebKit), rather than Mozilla's (Gecko).

Unofficial ports[edit]

Firefox has also been ported to FreeBSD,^[168]NetBSD,^[169]OpenBSD,^[170]OpenIndiana,^[171]OS/2^[172] and SkyOS, and an unofficial rebranded version called Timberwolf has been available for AmigaOS 4. An unofficial continuation of the Mac OS X PowerPC release continues as TenFourFox.

The Firefox port for OpenBSD is maintained by Landry Breuil since 2010. Firefox is regularly built for the current branch of the operating system, the latest versions are packaged for each -release and remain frozen until the next release. In 2017, Landry began hosting packages of newer Firefox versions for OpenBSD releases from 6.0 onwards, making them available to installations without the ports system.^[173]

The Solaris port of Firefox (including OpenSolaris) was maintained by the Oracle Solaris Desktop Beijing Team,^[174][175] until March 2017 when the team was disbanded.^[176] There was also an unofficial port of Firefox 3.6.x to IBM AIX^[177][178] and of v1.7.x to UnixWare.^[179]

Gallery[edit]

• Firefox 65 running on Arch Linux

• Firefox 57 on macOS High Sierra

• Firefox Developer Edition on Windows 10

• Firefox for Android 62 on Android

• Firefox on Firefox OS

• Firefox on MeeGo OS

Experimental builds and ESR[edit]

Besides official releases, Mozilla provides development builds of Firefox in distribution channels named, in order of most to least stable, 'Beta', 'Developer Edition' (former 'Aurora', renamed on November 10, 2014^[181][182]), and 'Nightly'.^[183] Starting from Firefox 54, 'Developer Edition' is based on the 'Beta' build.^[184]

Firefox ESR (Extended Support Release) is a version of Firefox for organizations and other groups that need extended support for mass deployments. Each ESR release, based on the regular version released at the same time, is supported for approximately one year.^[185] Unlike the regular ('rapid') releases, ESRs are not updated with new features and performance enhancements every six weeks, but rather are updated with only high-risk-reduction or high-impact security fixes or major stability fixes with point releases, until the end of the ESR cycle.^[186]

Licensing[edit]

Firefox source code is free software, with most of it being released under the Mozilla Public License (MPL) version 2.0.^[22] This license permits anyone to view, modify, or redistribute the source code. As a result, several publicly released applications have been built from it, such as Netscape, Flock, Miro, GNU IceCat, Iceweasel, Songbird, Pale Moon, and Comodo IceDragon.

In the past, Firefox was licensed solely under the MPL, then version 1.1,^[187] which the Free Software Foundation criticized for being weak copyleft, as the license permitted, in limited ways, proprietary derivative works. Additionally, code only licensed under MPL 1.1 could not legally be linked with code under the GPL.^[188][189] To address these concerns, Mozilla re-licensed most of Firefox under the tri-license scheme of MPL 1.1, GPL 2.0, or LGPL 2.1. Since the re-licensing, developers were free to choose the license under which they received most of the code, to suit their intended use: GPL or LGPL linking and derivative works when one of those licenses is chosen, or MPL use (including the possibility of proprietary derivative works) if they chose the MPL.^[187] However, on January 3, 2012, Mozilla released the GPL-compatible MPL 2.0,^[190] and with the release of Firefox 13 on June 5, 2012, Mozilla used it to replace the tri-licensing scheme.^[191]

The crash reporting service was initially closed-source, but switched with version 3 from a program called Talkback to the open-source Breakpad (and Socorro server).

Trademark and logo[edit]

The name 'Mozilla Firefox' is a registered trademark; along with the official Firefox logo, it may only be used under certain terms and conditions. Anyone may redistribute the official binaries in unmodified form and use the Firefox name and branding for such distribution, but restrictions are placed on distributions which modify the underlying source code.^[192] The name 'Firefox' derives from a nickname of the red panda.^[53]

Mozilla has placed the Firefox logo files under open-source licenses,^[193][194] but its trademark guidelines do not allow displaying altered^[195] or similar logos^[196] in contexts where trademark law applies.

There has been some controversy over the Mozilla Foundation's intentions in stopping certain open source distributions from using the 'Firefox' trademark.^[23] Open source browsers 'enable greater choice and innovation in the market rather than aiming for mass-market domination.'^[197] Mozilla Foundation Chairperson Mitchell Baker explained in an interview in 2007 that distributions could freely use the Firefox trademark if they did not modify source-code, and that the Mozilla Foundation's only concern was with users getting a consistent experience when they used 'Firefox'.^[198]

To allow distributions of the code without using the official branding, the Firefox build system contains a 'branding switch'. This switch, often used for alphas ('Auroras') of future Firefox versions, allows the code to be compiled without the official logo and name, and can allow a derivative work unencumbered by restrictions on the Firefox trademark to be produced. In the unbranded build the trademarked logo and name are replaced with a freely distributable generic globe logo and the name of the release series from which the modified version was derived.

Distributing modified versions of Firefox under the 'Firefox' name required explicit approval from Mozilla for the changes made to the underlying code, and required the use of all of the official branding. For example, it was not permissible to use the name 'Firefox' without also using the official logo. When the Debian project decided to stop using the official Firefox logo in 2006 (because Mozilla's copyright restrictions at the time were incompatible with Debian's guidelines), they were told by a representative of the Mozilla Foundation that this was not acceptable, and were asked either to comply with the published trademark guidelines or cease using the 'Firefox' name in their distribution.^[199] Ultimately, Debian switched to branding their modified version of Firefox 'Iceweasel' (but in 2016 switched back to Firefox), along with other Mozilla software. GNU IceCat is another derived version of Firefox distributed by the GNU Project, which maintains its own separate branding.^[200]

Branding and visual identity[edit]

Early Firebird and Phoenix releases of Firefox were considered to have reasonable visual designs, but fell short when compared to many other professional software packages. In October 2003, professional interface designer Steven Garrity wrote an article covering everything he considered to be wrong with Mozilla's visual identity.^[201]

Shortly afterwards, the Mozilla Foundation invited Garrity to head up the new visual identity team. The release of Firefox 0.8 in February 2004 saw the introduction of the new branding efforts. Included were new icon designs by silverorange, a group of web developers with a long-standing relationship with Mozilla. The final renderings are by Jon Hicks, who had worked on Camino.^[202][203] The logo was later revised and updated, fixing several flaws found when it was enlarged.^[204] The animal shown in the logo is a stylized fox, although 'firefox' is usually a common name for the red panda. The panda, according to Hicks, 'didn't really conjure up the right imagery' and was not widely known.^[203]

The Firefox icon is a trademark used to designate the official Mozilla build of the Firefox software and builds of official distribution partners.^[205] For this reason software distributors who distribute modified versions of Firefox do not use the icon.

In June 2019 Firefox announced rebranding and introduced a new logo. The new logo is meant to encompass a larger family of products.^[206]

• Logo history

• Logo of 'Phoenix' and 'Firebird' before being renamed as Firefox

• Firefox 3.5–22 from June 30, 2009 to June 25, 2013

• Firefox 23–56, from August 6, 2013 to September 28, 2017^[207]

• Firefox 57 and later, since November 14, 2017

• Other logos, used for specific versions

• Minefield logo (former name for 'Nightly')

• The 2011 Nightly logo, used to represent nightly builds of pre-alpha versions

• The 2013 Nightly logo

• Current Nightly logo

• The 2015 Developer Edition logo

• Current Developer Edition logo

• The 2011 Aurora logo, used to represent an alpha release

• The 2013 Aurora logo

• Blue globe artwork, distributed with the source code, and is explicitly not protected as a trademark^[208]

Promotion[edit]

Firefox was adopted rapidly, with 100 million downloads in its first year of availability.^[209] This was followed by a series of aggressive marketing campaigns starting in 2004 with a series of events Blake Ross and Asa Dotzler called 'marketing weeks'.^[210]

Firefox continued to heavily market itself by releasing a marketing portal dubbed 'Spread Firefox' (SFX) on September 12, 2004,^[211] It debuted along with the Firefox Preview Release, creating a centralized space for the discussion of various marketing techniques. The release of their manifesto stated that 'the Mozilla project is a global community of people who believe that openness, innovation and opportunity are key to the continued health of the Internet.'^[197] A two-page ad in the edition of December 16 of The New York Times, placed by Mozilla Foundation in coordination with Spread Firefox, featured the names of the thousands of people worldwide who contributed to the Mozilla Foundation's fundraising campaign to support the launch of the Firefox 1.0 web browser.^[212] SFX portal enhanced the 'Get Firefox' button program, giving users 'referrer points' as an incentive. The site lists the top 250 referrers. From time to time, the SFX team or SFX members launch marketing events organized at the Spread Firefox website. As a part of the Spread Firefox campaign, there was an attempt to break the world download record with the release of Firefox 3.^[213] This resulted in an official certified Guinness world record, with over eight million downloads.^[214] In February 2011, Mozilla announced that it would be retiring Spread Firefox (SFX). Three months later, in May 2011, Mozilla officially closed Spread Firefox. Mozilla wrote that 'there are currently plans to create a new iteration of this website [Spread Firefox] at a later date.'^[215]

In celebration of the third anniversary of the founding of the Mozilla Foundation, the 'World Firefox Day' campaign was established on July 15, 2006,^[216][217] and ran until September 15, 2006.^[218] Participants registered themselves and a friend on the website for nomination to have their names displayed on the Firefox Friends Wall, a digital wall that will be displayed at the headquarters of the Mozilla Foundation.

Firefox For Mac 104 11 Download Free

The Firefox community has also engaged in the promotion of their web browser. In 2006, some of Firefox's contributors from Oregon State University made a crop circle of the Firefox logo in an oat field near Amity, Oregon, near the intersection of Lafayette Highway and Walnut Hill Road.^[219] After Firefox reached 500 million downloads on February 21, 2008, the Firefox community celebrated by visiting Freerice to earn 500 million grains of rice.^[220]

Other initiatives included Live Chat, a service Mozilla launched in 2007 that allowed users to seek technical support from volunteers.^[221] The service was later retired.^[222]

To promote the launch of Firefox Quantum in November 2017, Mozilla partnered with Reggie Watts to produce a series of TV ads and social media content.^[223]

Performance[edit]

In December 2005, Internet Week ran an article in which many readers reported high memory usage in Firefox 1.5.^[224] Mozilla developers said that the higher memory use of Firefox 1.5 was at least partially due to the new fast backwards-and-forwards (FastBack) feature.^[225] Other known causes of memory problems were malfunctioning extensions such as Google Toolbar and some older versions of AdBlock,^[226] or plug-ins, such as older versions of Adobe Acrobat Reader.^[227] When PC Magazine in 2006 compared memory usage of Firefox 2, Opera 9, and Internet Explorer 7, they found that Firefox used approximately as much memory as each of the other two browsers.^[228]

Softpedia noted that Firefox 1.5 took longer to start up than other browsers,^[229] which was confirmed by further speed tests.^[230]

IE 6 launched more swiftly than Firefox 1.5 on Windows XP since many of its components were built into the OS and loaded during system startup. As a workaround for the issue, a preloader application was created that loaded components of Firefox on startup, similar to Internet Explorer.^[231] A Windows Vista feature called SuperFetch performs a similar task of preloading Firefox if it is used often enough.

Tests performed by PC World and Zimbra in 2006 indicated that Firefox 2 used less memory than Internet Explorer 7.^[232][233] Firefox 3 used less memory than Internet Explorer 7, Opera 9.50 Beta, Safari 3.1 Beta, and Firefox 2 in tests performed by Mozilla, CyberNet, and The Browser World.^{[234][235][236]} In mid-2009, BetaNews benchmarked Firefox 3.5 and declared that it performed 'nearly ten times better on XP than Microsoft Internet Explorer 7'.^[237]

In January 2010, Lifehacker compared the performance of Firefox 3.5, Firefox 3.6, Google Chrome 4 (stable and Dev versions), Safari 4, and Opera (10.1 stable and 10.5 pre-alpha versions). Lifehacker timed how long browsers took to start and reach a page (both right after boot-up and after running at least once already), timed how long browsers took to load nine tabs at once, tested JavaScript speeds using Mozilla's Dromaeo online suite (which implements Apple's SunSpider and Google's V8 tests) and measured memory usage using Windows 7's process manager. They concluded that Firefox 3.5 and 3.6 were the fifth- and sixth-fastest browsers, respectively, on startup, 3.5 was third- and 3.6 was sixth-fastest to load nine tabs at once, 3.5 was sixth- and 3.6 was fifth-fastest on the JavaScript tests. They also concluded that Firefox 3.6 was the most efficient with memory usage followed by Firefox 3.5.^[238]

In February 2012, Tom's Hardware performance tested Chrome 17, Firefox 10, Internet Explorer 9, Opera 11.61, and Safari 5.1.2 on Windows 7. Tom's Hardware summarized their tests into four categories: Performance, Efficiency, Reliability, and Conformance. In the performance category they tested HTML5, Java, JavaScript, DOM, CSS 3, Flash, Silverlight, and WebGL (WebGL 2 is current as of version 51; and Java and Silverlight stop working as of version 52)—they also tested start up time and page load time. The performance tests showed that Firefox was either 'acceptable' or 'strong' in most categories, winning three categories (HTML5, HTML5 hardware acceleration, and Java) only finishing 'weak' in CSS performance. In the efficiency tests, Tom's Hardware tested memory usage and management. In this category, it determined that Firefox was only 'acceptable' at performing light memory usage, while it was 'strong' at performing heavy memory usage. In the reliability category, Firefox performed a 'strong' amount of proper page loads. In the final category, conformance, it was determined that Firefox had 'strong' conformance for JavaScript and HTML5. In conclusion, Tom's Hardware determined that Firefox was the best browser for Windows 7 OS, but that it only narrowly beat Google Chrome.^[239]

In June 2013, Tom's Hardware again performance tested Firefox 22, Chrome 27, Opera 12, and Internet Explorer 10. They found that Firefox slightly edged out the other browsers in their 'performance' index, which examined wait times, JavaScript execution speed, HTML5/CSS3 rendering, and hardware acceleration performance. Firefox also scored the highest on the 'non-performance' index, which measured memory efficiency, reliability, security, and standards conformance, finishing substantially ahead of Chrome, the runner-up. Tom's Hardware concluded by declaring Firefox the 'sound' winner of the performance benchmarks.^[240]

In January 2014, a benchmark testing the memory usage of Firefox 29, Google Chrome 34, and Internet Explorer 11 indicated that Firefox used the least memory when a substantial number of tabs were open.^[241]

In benchmark testing in early 2015 on a 'high-end' Windows machine, comparing Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Opera, Firefox achieved the highest score on three of the seven tests. Four different Javascript performance tests gave conflicting results. Firefox bested the others on the Peacekeeper benchmark, but was behind the Microsoft products when tested with SunSpider. Measured with Mozilla's Kraken, it came second place to Chrome, while on Google's Octane challenge it took third behind Chrome and Opera. Firefox took the lead with WebXPRT, which runs several typical HTML5 and Javascript tasks. Firefox, Chrome, and Opera all achieved the highest possible score on the Oort Online test, measuring WebGL rendering speed (WebGL 2 is now current). In terms of HTML5 compatibility testing, Firefox was ranked in the middle of the group.^[242]

A similar set of benchmark tests in 2016 showed Firefox's Javascript performance on Kraken and the newer Jetstream tests trailing slightly behind all other tested browsers except Internet Explorer, which performed relatively poorly. On Octane, Firefox came ahead of IE and Safari, but again slightly behind the rest, including Vivaldi and Microsoft Edge. Edge took overall first place on the Jetstream and Octane benchmarks.^[243]

As of the adoption of Firefox 57 and Mozilla's Quantum project entering production browsers in November 2017, Firefox was tested to be faster than Chrome in independent JavaScript tests, and demonstrated to use less memory with many browser tabs opened.^[244][245]

Market adoption[edit]

Downloads have continued at an increasing rate since Firefox 1.0 was released on November 9, 2004, and as of 31 July 2009 Firefox had already been downloaded over one billion times.^[246] This number does not include downloads using software updates or those from third-party websites.^[247] They do not represent a user count, as one download may be installed on many machines, one person may download the software multiple times, or the software may be obtained from a third-party.

Firefox For Mac 10.4 11 Download

In July 2010, IBM asked all employees (about 400,000) to use Firefox as their default browser.^[248]

Firefox was the second-most used web browser until November 2011, when Google Chrome surpassed it.^[249] According to Mozilla, Firefox has more than 450 million users as of October 2012.^[37][250]

As of April 2018, Firefox was the second-most widely used desktop browser, and that position makes it the fourth-most popular with approximately 11.78% of worldwide usage share of web browsers across all platforms.^[251]

According to the Firefox Public Data report by Mozilla, active monthly count of Desktop clients has decreased from around 310 million in 2017 to 260 million in 2019.^[253]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^'Firefox 67.0.4, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes'. mozilla.org. Mozilla Foundation. June 20, 2019.
2. ^'Firefox 60.7.2, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes'. mozilla.org. Mozilla Foundation. June 20, 2019.
3. ^'Firefox Beta 68.0beta, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes'. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
4. ^'Mozilla Firefox Web Browser — Download Firefox Beta in your language — Mozilla'. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
5. ^'Firefox Nightly 69.0a1, See All New Features, Updates and Fixes'. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
6. ^'Mozilla Firefox Web Browser — Download Firefox Nightly in your language — Mozilla'. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
7. ^Yegulalp, Serdar (February 3, 2017). 'Mozilla binds Firefox's fate to the Rust language'. InfoWorld. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
8. ^ ^ab'FreeBSD ports'. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
9. ^ ^ab'OpenBSD ports'. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
10. ^ ^ab'NetBSD pkgsrc'. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
11. ^ ^ab'OpenIndiana Wiki'. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
12. ^'Joyent's pkgsrc for Illumos'. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
13. ^ ^ab'Open Source software in Solaris, Github'. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
14. ^'Firefox ESR builds for Solaris'. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
15. ^'Latest Firefox Linux installer'. Mozilla. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
16. ^'Latest Firefox Linux 64-bit installer'. Mozilla. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
17. ^'Latest Firefox OS X installer'. Mozilla. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
18. ^'Latest Firefox Windows installer'. Mozilla. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
19. ^'Latest Firefox Windows 64-bit installer'. Mozilla. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
20. ^ ^ab'Mozilla Firefox release files'. Mozilla.
21. ^'Mozilla'. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
22. ^ ^abMozilla Licensing Policies, mozilla.org, retrieved January 5, 2012
23. ^ ^ab'Debian and Mozilla – a study in trademarks'. LWN.net. January 10, 2005. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
24. ^'Gecko Layout Engine'. download-firefox.org. July 17, 2008. Archived from the original on June 15, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
25. ^Mayo, Mark (November 14, 2017). 'Introducing the New Firefox: Firefox Quantum'. The Mozilla Blog. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
26. ^'Firefox browser takes on Microsoft'. BBC News. November 9, 2004. Archived from the original on December 20, 2017.
27. ^Weber, Tim (May 9, 2005). 'The assault on software giant Microsoft'. BBC News. Archived from the original on September 25, 2017.
28. ^Jay, Paul (February 28, 2008). 'Curtains for Netscape – Tech Bytes'. CBC News.
29. ^ ^abStatCounter. 'StatCounter Global Stats – Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share'. gs.statcounter.com. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
30. ^'StatCounter Global Stats - Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share'. StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved July 14, 2018.
31. ^'StatCounter global stats – Top 12 browser versions'. StatCounter. Retrieved March 12, 2010.
32. ^'Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide'. StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
33. ^'Browser Market Share Worldwide'. StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved February 27, 2019.
34. ^'Browser Market Share Cuba'. StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
35. ^'Desktop Browser Market Share Cuba'. StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
36. ^'Desktop Browser Market Share Eritrea'. StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
37. ^ ^ab'At a Glance'. Mozilla Press Center. Mozilla. Retrieved December 7, 2014.
38. ^Goodger, Ben (February 6, 2006). 'Where Did Firefox Come From?'. Inside Firefox. MozillaZine Weblogs. Archived from the original on June 23, 2011. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
39. ^Yeow, Cheah Chu (2005). Firefox Secrets. SitePoint Pty Ltd. ISBN978-0-9752402-4-3.
40. ^Eich, Brendan; Hyatt, David (April 2, 2003). 'mozilla development roadmap'. Mozilla. Retrieved August 2, 2009.
41. ^'Phoenix 0.1 (Pescadero) release Notes and FAQ'. mozilla.org. May 28, 2003. Archived from the original on May 28, 2003. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
42. ^'Phoenix 0.2 (Santa Cruz) release Notes and FAQ'. mozilla.org. December 3, 2003. Archived from the original on December 4, 2003. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
43. ^'Phoenix 0.3 (Lucia) release Notes and FAQ'. mozilla.org. December 3, 2003. Archived from the original on December 4, 2003. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
44. ^'Phoenix 0.4 (Oceano) Release Notes and FAQ'. mozilla.org. December 3, 2003. Archived from the original on December 3, 2003. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
45. ^'Phoenix 0.5 (Naples) Release Notes and FAQ'. mozilla.org. December 3, 2003. Archived from the original on December 3, 2003. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
46. ^'Mozilla Firebird 0.6 Release Notes and FAQ'. mozilla.org. December 3, 2003. Archived from the original on December 3, 2003. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
47. ^'Mozilla Firebird 0.6.1 Release Notes and FAQ'. mozilla.org. December 3, 2003. Archived from the original on December 3, 2003. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
48. ^'Mozilla Firebird 0.7 Release Notes'. mozilla.org. October 28, 2003. Archived from the original on October 28, 2003. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
49. ^'Mozilla browser becomes Firebird'. IBPhoenix. Archived from the original on September 14, 2007. Retrieved January 30, 2007.
50. ^Festa, Paul (May 7, 2003). 'Mozilla's Firebird gets wings clipped'. CNET. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved January 30, 2007.
51. ^Festa, Paul (February 9, 2004). 'Mozilla holds 'fire' in naming fight'. CNET. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
52. ^'Red panda'. BBC Nature. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved August 20, 2014.
53. ^ ^abGarrity, Steven; Markham, Gervase; Goodger, Ben; Decrem, Bart; et al. 'Firefox name FAQ'. mozilla.org. Archived from the original on February 28, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
54. ^'Firefox 1.0 Release Notes'. mozilla.org archive. November 9, 2004. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
55. ^'Firefox 1.5 Release Notes'. mozilla.org archive. November 29, 2005. Retrieved November 17, 2014.
56. ^Shankland, Stephen (August 4, 2017). 'Inside Mozilla: Firefox fights back'. CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
57. ^Dignan, Larry (August 6, 2017). 'Why you should root for Mozilla's Firefox 57 in the browser wars'. ZDNet. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
58. ^Keizer, Gregg (November 14, 2017). 'Mozilla seeks return to glory with release of Firefox Quantum'. Computerworld. International Data Group. Archived from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
59. ^ ^abNeedham, Kev (May 4, 2019). 'Update Regarding Add-ons in Firefox'. Mozilla. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
60. ^ ^abBrinkmann, Martin (May 4, 2019). 'Your Firefox extensions are all disabled? That's a bug!'. GHacks. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
61. ^'Location-Aware Browsing'. Mozilla Foundation. Retrieved July 5, 2009. (section 'What information is being sent, and to whom? (...)')
62. ^Lardinois, Frederic (November 14, 2017). 'Mozilla terminates its deal with Yahoo and makes Google the default in Firefox again'. TechCrunch. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
63. ^Parrish, Kevin (August 5, 2016). 'Hang up the phone: Mozilla to pull the plug on Firefox Hello in September'. Digital Trends. Archived from the original on January 15, 2017.
64. ^Villalobos, Jorge (August 10, 2017). 'Upcoming Changes in Compatibility Features'. Mozilla Add-ons Blog. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
65. ^Bright, Peter (August 21, 2015). 'Mozilla sets plan to dump Firefox add-ons, move to Chrome-like extensions'. Ars Technica. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
66. ^'Mozilla sets plan to dump Firefox add-ons, move to Chrome-like extensions'. Ars Technica. August 21, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
67. ^'Social & Communication: Add-ons for Firefox'. addons.mozilla.org. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
68. ^'SVG 2 support in Mozilla'.
69. ^'SVG in Firefox'. Retrieved September 30, 2007.
70. ^'CSS Reference: Mozilla Extensions – MDC'. Developer.mozilla.org. April 24, 2011. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
71. ^Mozilla Developer Center contributors (January 21, 2007). 'Which open standards is the Gecko development project working to support, and to what extent does it support them?'. Gecko FAQ. Mozilla Developer Network. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
72. ^'WHATWG specification – Web Applications 1.0 – Working Draft. Client-side session and persistent storage'. Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group. February 7, 2007. Retrieved February 7, 2007.
73. ^Mozilla Developer Center contributors (September 30, 2007). 'DOM:Storage'. Mozilla Developer Network. Retrieved February 7, 2007.
74. ^Dumbill, Edd (December 6, 2005). 'The future of HTML, Part 1: WHATWG'. IBM. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
75. ^Fulton, Scott M. (December 20, 2007). 'Latest Firefox beta passes Acid2 test, IE8 claims to pass also'. BetaNews. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
76. ^Bailey, Daniel. 'Why Firefox 4 Will Never Pass The Acid3 Test'. Archived from the original on February 3, 2011. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
77. ^Hickson, Ian (September 17, 2011). 'Acid3 2011 Update'. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
78. ^Perry, Douglas (September 20, 2011). 'Acid3 Test Simplified; All Modern Browsers Score 100'. Tom's Guide. Purch Group.
79. ^'Phishing and Malware Protection'. Mozilla Corp. How does Phishing and Malware Protection work in Firefox?. Retrieved November 29, 2009.
80. ^'Client specification for the Google Safe Browsing v2.1 protocol'. Google Inc. Retrieved November 29, 2009. Do not use this protocol without explicit written permission from Google. Note: This is not a license to use the defined protocol. [...]
81. ^'Firefox — Notes (47.0)'.
82. ^'Watch DRM content on Firefox – Firefox Help'.
83. ^'Mozilla To Test Widevine CDM in Firefox Nightly'. April 8, 2016.
84. ^Kirk, Jeremy (May 15, 2014). 'Mozilla hates it, but streaming video DRM is coming to Firefox'. PC World.
85. ^Paul, Ian (May 13, 2015). 'Firefox 38 arrives with contentious closed-source DRM integrated by default'. PC World. Retrieved August 12, 2015.
86. ^Chesters, James (May 20, 2014). 'Mixed reactions greet Mozilla plans to add HTML5 DRM in Firefox'. InfoQ. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
87. ^'HTML5test - How well does your browser support HTML5?'. html5test.com. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
88. ^Ranganathan, Arun; Netscape Communications (November 11, 2002). 'Bypassing Security Restrictions and Signing Code'. Mozilla Developer Network. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
89. ^'The Same Origin Policy'. Mozilla Developer Network. June 8, 2001. Retrieved November 12, 2007.
90. ^Developer documentation on using PKCS 11 modules (primarily smart cards) for cryptographic purposes
91. ^'Privacy & Security Preferences – SSL'. Mozilla. August 31, 2001. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
92. ^'Why You Should Use Firefox: 7 Reasons', eCloudBuzz, March 15, 2015.
93. ^'Mozilla Security Bug Bounty Program'. Mozilla. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
94. ^'Handling Mozilla Security Bugs'. Mozilla. February 11, 2003. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
95. ^Mossberg, Walter S. (September 16, 2004). 'How to Protect Yourself From Vandals, Viruses If You Use Windows'. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 21, 2007. Retrieved October 17, 2006. I suggest dumping Microsoft's Internet Explorer Web browser, which has a history of security breaches. I recommend instead Mozilla Firefox, which is free at mozilla.org. It's not only more secure but also more modern and advanced, with tabbed browsing, which allows multiple pages to be open on one screen, and a better pop-up ad blocker than the belated one Microsoft recently added to IE.
96. ^Granneman, Scott (June 17, 2004). 'Time to Dump Internet Explorer'. SecurityFocus. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
97. ^Costa, Dan (March 24, 2005). Vamosi, Scott (ed.). 'Mozilla Firefox Browser [sic] review'. CNET. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007.
98. ^Boutin, Paul (June 30, 2004). 'Are the Browser Wars Back?'. Slate. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
99. ^Krebs, Brian (January 4, 2007). 'Internet Explorer Unsafe for 284 Days in 2006'. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
100. ^Keizer, Gregg (September 25, 2006). 'Firefox Sports More Bugs, But IE Takes 9 Times Longer To Patch'. TechWeb. Archived from the original on February 7, 2008. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
101. ^McMillan, Robert (March 7, 2006). 'Symantec adjusts browser bug count'. InfoWorld. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
102. ^'Web Browsers, Desktop Software Top 'Dirty Dozen' Apps List'. Securityweek.com. November 17, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
103. ^Francis, Bob (May 12, 2005). 'Security firms fight Firefox fire with fire'. InfoWorld.
104. ^Kanellos, Michael (March 23, 2005). 'Popularity won't make Firefox insecure, says Mozilla head'. silicon.com. Archived from the original on May 21, 2011. Retrieved October 13, 2006.
105. ^Keizer, Gregg (October 16, 2009). 'Sneaky Microsoft plug-in puts Firefox users at risk (Internet – Software – Security)'. IDG News. International Data Group. Retrieved December 19, 2009.
106. ^'Microsoft Security Bulletin MS09-054 - Critical'. Microsoft. October 13, 2009. Archived from the original on March 18, 2010. Retrieved March 17, 2010.
107. ^'Vulnerability Report: Mozilla Firefox 3.6.x'. Secunia. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
108. ^'Vulnerability Report: Microsoft Internet Explorer 8.x'. Secunia. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
109. ^'Known Vulnerabilities in Mozilla Products'. Mozilla.
110. ^Anderson, Harvey (January 28, 2013). 'Mozilla Recognized as Most Trusted Internet Company for Privacy'. The Mozilla Blog. Mozilla.
111. ^Murphy, David (February 24, 2013). 'Firefox 22 to Disable Third-Party Cookies by Default'. PC Magazine. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
112. ^Keizer, Gregg (June 20, 2013). 'Mozilla again postpones Firefox third-party cookie-blocking, this time for months'. Computerworld. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
113. ^'Firefox 23 Release Notes'. Mozilla.org. August 6, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
114. ^Bright, Peter (August 6, 2013). 'Firefox 23 lands with a new logo and mixed content blocking'. Ars Technica. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
115. ^Anthony, Sebastian (August 7, 2013). 'Firefox 23 finally kills the blink tag, removes ability to turn off JavaScript, introduces new logo'. ExtremeTech. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
116. ^Huge Security Flaw Leaks VPN Users' Real IP-addresses TorrentFreak.com (January 30, 2015). Retrieved February 21, 2015.
117. ^'Addons/Extension Signing'. Mozilla wiki. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
118. ^Villalobos, Jorge (February 10, 2015). 'Introducing Extension Signing: A Safer Add-on Experience'. Mozilla Add-ons Blog. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
119. ^Song, Victoria (May 6, 2019). 'Firefox fixes borked extensions for everyone but legacy users'. Gizmodo. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
120. ^'FAQ – Why is Telemetry enabled by default on the Firefox pre-release channels?'. MozillaWiki. Mozilla.
121. ^'Mozilla Firefox Privacy Policy'. Mozilla Corporation, a subsidiary of the Mozilla Foundation.
122. ^Bright, Peter (December 21, 2016). 'Firefox takes the next step toward rolling out multi-process to everyone'. Ars Technica. Retrieved December 25, 2016.
123. ^'Security/Sandbox - MozillaWiki'. wiki.mozilla.org. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
124. ^'Private Auskunft - DNS mit Privacy und Security vor dem Durchbruch'. c't Magazin (in German). Retrieved July 25, 2018.
125. ^'Cloudflare Resolver for Firefox'. cloudflare.com. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
126. ^Wood, Marissa. 'Latest Firefox Release is Faster than Ever'. The Mozilla Blog. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
127. ^'Index of /pub/firefox/releases/1.0/win32/'. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
128. ^ ^abc'Firefox System Requirements'. mozilla.org. Mozilla Foundation. June 20, 2019.
129. ^ ^abc'Firefox ESR System Requirements'. mozilla.org. Mozilla Foundation. June 20, 2019.
130. ^'Update on Firefox Support for Windows XP and Vista'. Future Releases. Mozilla Foundation. December 23, 2016 – via blog.mozilla.org.
131. ^Keybl, Alex. 'Upcoming Firefox Support Changes'. Firefox Future Releases Blog. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
132. ^'Firefox - 45.9.0 System Requirements'. mozilla.org. Mozilla Foundation. April 19, 2017.
133. ^Protalinski, Emil (April 29, 2016). 'Mozilla will retire Firefox support for OS X 10.6, 10.7, and 10.8 in August 2016'. VentureBeat.
134. ^'Mozilla Firefox 16 System Requirements'. mozilla.org. Mozilla Foundation. Retrieved November 20, 2012.
135. ^'Mozilla Firefox 4 System Requirements'. mozilla.org. Mozilla Foundation. Retrieved March 24, 2011.
136. ^'Mozilla Firefox 3.6 System Requirements'. techappsmedia. July 10, 2016.
137. ^Nightingale, Johnathan (March 14, 2014). 'Update on Metro'. mozilla.org. Mozilla Foundation.
138. ^ ^ab'Mozilla Firefox System Requirements'. mozilla.org. Mozilla Foundation. May 21, 2019.
139. ^ ^ab'Will Firefox work on my mobile device?'. Mozlla Support. Mozilla.
140. ^ ^abc'Supported build configurations – MDN'. Retrieved August 12, 2015.
141. ^'Firefox — Aurora Notes (45.0a2)'. Mozilla.org. Mozilla Foundation. December 18, 2015. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
142. ^'Firefox Web Browser on the App Store'. App Store. Apple. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
143. ^Tilley, Chris (April 21, 2006). 'Mozilla Firefox and Windows NT 3.51'. C:Amie. Retrieved December 25, 2018.
144. ^Nightingale, Johnathan (March 14, 2014). 'Update on Metro'. Firefox Future Releases Blog. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
145. ^'Mozilla Firefox Web Browser – Supported Android Devices'. Mozilla. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
146. ^Lutz, Zachary (September 21, 2013). 'Firefox for Windows 8 enters Aurora channel with touch and gesture support'. Engadget. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
147. ^Mayo, Mark (December 15, 2015). 'Firefox 64-bit Web Browser for Windows Now Available'. Future Releases. Mozilla Foundation – via blog.mozilla.org.
148. ^'Update on Firefox Support for Windows XP and Vista'. Future Releases. Mozilla Foundation. December 23, 2016 – via blog.mozilla.org.
149. ^ ^ab'Mozilla Developer Preview Alpha 5 Release Notes'. Mozilla. June 14, 2010. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
150. ^'Firefox 46.0 System Requirements'. Mozilla. Retrieved February 26, 2018.
151. ^'Firefox for Nokia N900 Release Notes'. Mozilla. January 28, 2010. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
152. ^'Mozilla Launches Firefox 4 for Android, Allowing Users to Take the Power and Customization of Firefox Everywhere'. Mozilla Blog. Mozilla. March 29, 2011. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
153. ^Finkle, Mark (September 30, 2010). 'Fennec 4.0 – New and Notable'. Stark Raving Finkle.
154. ^'Bug 681422: No updates in Maemo5 (Comment #1)'. Mozilla Bugzilla. Mozilla.
155. ^'Firefox mobile features'. Mozilla. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
156. ^Bilton, Ricardo (March 10, 2013). 'Mozilla wants to bring Firefox to iOS, but mean ol' Apple's standing in its way'. VentureBeat. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
157. ^Shankland, Stephen (June 4, 2014). 'iOS 8 grants new power to rival browsers, Web-based apps'. CNET. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
158. ^'Firefox for iOS Now Available for Preview'. September 3, 2015. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
159. ^Clarke, Gavin (September 4, 2015). 'Fruity Firefox: Mozilla caves to Apple, unveils iOS-friendly browser'. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
160. ^'Update on Firefox for iOS'. May 22, 2015. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
161. ^Perez, Sarah (November 17, 2016). 'Mozilla launches Firefox Focus, a private web browser for iPhone'. TechCrunch. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
162. ^'Firefox 67.0.3 APK Download by Mozilla - APKMirror'. APKMirror. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
163. ^ ^abcd'Mozilla: End of Firefox for Android slated for 2020 as Fenix rises'. zdnet.com. ZDNet. April 29, 2019.
164. ^ ^abcde'Mobile/Platforms/Android'. wiki.mozilla.org. Mozilla Foundation. September 28, 2017. System Requirements.
165. ^'Firefox for Android — Notes (55.0.2) — Mozilla'. mozilla.org. Mozilla Foundation. August 16, 2017.
166. ^'Firefox for Android — Notes (47.0) — Mozilla'. mozilla.org. Mozilla Foundation. June 7, 2016.
167. ^'Mozilla Firefox for Mobile 32 Release Notes'. mozilla.org. Mozilla Foundation. September 2, 2014.
168. ^'FreeBSD port of Firefox'. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
169. ^NetBSD binary package of Firefox 24
170. ^'OpenBSD port of Firefox'.
171. ^Source package of Firefox 3.6.15Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. pkgsrc-repo.uk.openindiana.org.
172. ^'[hobbes.nmsu.edu] Viewing file: /pub/os2/apps/internet/www/browser/firefox-38.8.0.en-us.os2-wpi.wpi'. hobbes.nmsu.edu. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
173. ^'The many ways of running firefox on OpenBSD'. OpenBSD Journal. April 25, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
174. ^'Directory Listing: /pub/firefox/releases/52.0.2esr/contrib/'. Ftp.mozilla.org. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
175. ^'Mozilla – Firefox, Thunderbird & Sunbird'. UNIX Packages. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
176. ^Yuanyuan, Hu; Xiaojin, Ren (January 17, 2017). 'Oracle said to axe 200 Beijing jobs'. China Daily Information Co. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
177. ^'IBM AIX: Web browsers for AIX'. 03.ibm.com. Archived from the original on January 5, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
178. ^'Mozilla on AIX FAQ'. Archive.mozilla.org. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
179. ^'README Mozilla, v. 1.7.13 for SCO(R) UnixWare(R) 7.1.3 SCO(R) UnixWare(R) 7.1.4'. Ftp.sco.com. June 6, 2005. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
180. ^'Firefox 3.5.09.00 for HP-UX 11i Downloads'. Hewlett-Packard. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
181. ^'Firefox – Aurora Notes (35.0a2) – Mozilla'. November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 21, 2014. Version 35.0a2, first offered to Firefox Developer Edition users in November 2014
182. ^'Bug 1072181 – Investigate tweaking aurora for developers'. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
183. ^'Firefox Channels'. Mozilla.
184. ^Spivak, Ali; Camp, Dave; Ledru, Sylvestre (April 17, 2017). 'Simplifying Firefox Release Channels and Improving Developer Edition's Stability'. Mozilla.
185. ^'Firefox Extended Release Support for Your Organization, Business, Enterprise – Overview'. Mozilla.org. Retrieved March 17, 2012.
186. ^Paul, Ryan (January 10, 2012). 'Firefox extended support will mitigate rapid release challenges'. Arstechnica.com. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
187. ^ ^ab'Mozilla Relicensing FAQ'. Mozilla. Archived from the original on May 13, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
188. ^Stallman, Richard. 'On the Netscape Public License'. Free Software Foundation. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
189. ^'Various Licenses and Comments about Them. Mozilla Public License (MPL)'. Free Software Foundation. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
190. ^'Announcing Version 2.0 of the Mozilla Public License'. Mozilla. January 3, 2012. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
191. ^'Firefox 13 released – now using SPDY by default'. The H – Open. June 5, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
192. ^'Mozilla Trademark Policy'. Mozilla. Retrieved January 30, 2007.
193. ^'LICENSE file for official branding directory'.
194. ^'Mozilla bug 541761 – Some text implies the Firefox logo is under a non-free copyright license'.
195. ^'Legal Stuff'. Mozilla Corp. Archived from the original on July 30, 2013. Retrieved March 7, 2009.
196. ^'Stop Logo Cruelty'. Mozilla Corp. Archived from the original on May 22, 2010. Retrieved March 7, 2009.'Don't Create new elements that look enough like the Firefox logo so as to cause confusion.'
197. ^ ^abKrishnamurthy, Sandeep (August 1, 2009). 'CASE: Mozilla vs. Godzilla — The Launch of the Mozilla Firefox Browser'. Journal of Interactive Marketing. 23 (3): 259–271. doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2009.04.008.
198. ^Warne, Dan (May 7, 2007). 'The stoush over Linux distributions using the Firefox trademark'. APC Magazine. ACP Magazines Ltd. Retrieved January 18, 2008.
199. ^'Debian Bug report logs – #354622: Uses Mozilla Firefox trademark without permission'. Debian. Retrieved January 30, 2007.
200. ^'Re: ice weasel'. September 23, 2007.
201. ^Garrity, Steven (October 23, 2003). 'Branding Mozilla: Towards Mozilla 2.0'. Retrieved February 8, 2009.
202. ^Garrity, Steven (February 9, 2004). 'Branding Mozilla: Towards Firefox 1.0'. Retrieved February 8, 2009.
203. ^ ^abHicks, Jon (February 9, 2004). 'Branding Firefox'. Hicksdesign. Retrieved February 8, 2009.
204. ^Hicks, Jon (December 17, 2004). 'Spot the Difference'. Hicksdesign. Retrieved February 8, 2009.
205. ^Mozilla Trademark Policy for Distribution Partners Version 0.9 (DRAFT). Retrieved November 2, 2006.
206. ^Hollister, Sean (June 11, 2019). 'Firefox's new logo has more fire, less fox'. The Verge. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
207. ^Martell, Sean (June 27, 2013). '(Re)building a simplified Firefox logo'. Reticulating Splines. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
208. ^Mozilla Trademark Policy FAQ: 'What are the Mozilla Trademarks and Logos?'. Retrieved November 2, 2006
209. ^Palmer, Judi; Colvig, Mary (October 19, 2005). 'Firefox surpasses 100 million downloads'. Mozilla. Retrieved February 4, 2007.
210. ^Ross, Blake (July 7, 2004). 'Week 1: Press reviews'. Blake Ross. Archived from the original on August 5, 2004. Retrieved February 4, 2007.
211. ^'We're igniting the web. Join us!'. Spread Firefox: Sfx Team's Blog. September 12, 2004. Archived from the original on January 25, 2007. Retrieved February 4, 2007.
212. ^'Mozilla Foundation Places Two-Page Advocacy Ad in the New York Times'(PDF). Mozilla Foundation. December 15, 2004. Archived(PDF) from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
213. ^Colvig, Mary (July 2, 2008). 'Set a Guinness World Record Enjoy a Better Web'. Mozilla Blog. Mozilla Foundation. Archived from the original on January 12, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2008.
214. ^Keizer, Gregg (March 27, 2011). 'Firefox 4 sets unofficial download record'. Computerworld. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
215. ^Snyder, Ryan (February 25, 2011). 'Spread Firefox'. Mozilla Blog. Archived from the original on June 1, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
216. ^Sfx Team (July 16, 2006). 'World Firefox Day Launches'. Spread Firefox: Sfx Team's Blog. Archived from the original on December 10, 2006. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
217. ^'Mozilla Foundation Announcement'. Mozilla. July 15, 2003.
218. ^'Friends of Firefox Frequently Asked Questions'. Archived from the original on November 16, 2007. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
219. ^'Take Back the Field'. Oregon State Linux Users Group. August 14, 2006. Retrieved August 28, 2011.
220. ^Colvig, Mary (February 21, 2008). '500 million Firefox downloads: complete; 500 million grains: in progress'. Mozilla Blog. Mozilla. Retrieved June 24, 2009.
221. ^Tenser, David (December 28, 2007). 'Firefox Support Blog ' Blog Archive ' Firefox Live Chat launching today'. The Mozilla Blog. Retrieved August 6, 2009.
222. ^Brinkmann, Martin (January 2, 2008). 'Firefox Live Chat Support'. gHacks Technology News. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
223. ^'Mozilla Blog'. The Mozilla Blog. November 14, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
224. ^Finnie, Scot (December 8, 2005). 'Firefox 1.5: Not Ready For Prime Time?'. InformationWeek. Archived from the original on June 24, 2009. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
225. ^Goodger, Ben (February 14, 2006). 'About the Firefox 'memory leak''. MozllaZine weblogs. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2007.
226. ^MozillaZine Knowledge Base contributors (January 19, 2007). 'Problematic Extensions'. MozillaZine Knowledge Base. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
227. ^MozillaZine Knowledge Base contributors (January 17, 2007). 'Adobe Reader'. MozillaZine Knowledge Base. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
228. ^Muchmore, Michael W. (July 19, 2006). 'Which New Browser Is Best: Firefox 2, Internet Explorer 7, or Opera 9?'. PC Magazine. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
229. ^Muradin, Alex (November 30, 2005). 'Mozilla Firefox 1.5 Final Review'. Softpedia. Retrieved September 22, 2006.
230. ^Wilton-Jones, Mark. 'Browser Speed Comparisons'. How To Create. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
231. ^'Firefox Preloader'. SourceForge. Retrieved April 26, 2007.
232. ^Larkin, Erik (October 24, 2006). 'Radically New IE 7 or Updated Mozilla Firefox 2 – Which Browser Is Better?'. PC World. Retrieved May 18, 2007.
233. ^Dargahi, Ross (October 19, 2006). 'IE 7 vs IE 6'. Zimbra. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
234. ^Paul, Ryan (March 17, 2008). 'Firefox 3 goes on a diet, eats less memory than IE and Opera'. Ars Technica. Retrieved June 1, 2008.
235. ^Ryan, Wagner (March 26, 2008). 'Browser Performance Comparisons'. CyberNet News. Retrieved June 1, 2008.
236. ^'Firefox 3.0 Beta 4 Vs Opera 9.50 Beta Vs Safari 3.1 Beta: Multiple Sites Opening Test'. The Browser World. March 29, 2008. Archived from the original on June 16, 2008. Retrieved June 1, 2008.
237. ^Fulton, III, Scott M. (July 1, 2009). 'The final score: Firefox 3.5 performs at 251% the speed of 3.0'. BetaNews. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
238. ^Purdy, Kevin (January 26, 2010). 'Browser Speed Tests: Firefox 3.6, Chrome 4, Opera 10.5, and Extensions'. Lifehacker. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
239. ^Overa, Adam (February 21, 2012). 'Benchmark Analysis: Windows 7 and Ubuntu 11.10'. Tom's Hardware. Retrieved April 8, 2012.
240. ^Overa, Adam (June 30, 2013). 'Chrome 27, Firefox 22, IE10, And Opera Next, Benchmarked'. Tom's Hardware. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
241. ^Brinkmann, Martin (January 2, 2014). 'Chrome 34, Firefox 29, Internet Explorer 11: Memory Use 2014'. gHacks Technology News. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
242. ^Tanous, Jim (April 1, 2015). 'Spartan Benchmarks: Spartan vs. IE, Chrome, Firefox, and Opera'. TekRevue. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
243. ^Coppock, Mark (May 27, 2018). 'Battle of the best browsers: Edge vs. Chrome vs. Firefox vs. Safari vs. Opera vs. IE'. Digital Trends. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
244. ^Murray, Matt (November 18, 2017). 'Firefox Quantum vs. Chrome: Which Is Faster?'. Digital Trends. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
245. ^Lynn, Bryan; Robbins, Jill (November 15, 2017). '5 Reasons to Try Firefox 'Quantum' Browser'. Voice of America (VOA). Retrieved October 31, 2018.
246. ^Shankland, Stephen (July 31, 2009). 'Firefox: 1 billion downloads only part of the story'. CNET News. Retrieved December 19, 2009.
247. ^'Spread Firefox: Mozilla Firefox Download Counts'. Mozilla. Archived from the original on July 17, 2005. Retrieved February 14, 2007.
248. ^Shankland, Stephen (July 1, 2010). 'IBM names Firefox its default browser'. CNET. Retrieved November 21, 2013.
249. ^Eggheck, Amir (December 1, 2011). 'Chrome Overtakes Firefox Globally for First Time'. StatCounter. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
250. ^Siegler, MG (November 18, 2010). 'Mozilla: $104 Million In Revenues, 400 Million Users, Google Deal Running Through 2011'. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
251. ^'Desktop Browser Market Share Worldwide - April 2018'. StatCounter. April 1, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
252. ^'Top 5 Desktop browser on Mayl 2019'. StatCounter.
253. ^'Firefox Public Data Report'. data.firefox.com. Retrieved May 26, 2019.

Further reading[edit]

Firefox For Mac 10.6.8 Download

• Cheah, Chu Yeow (2005). Firefox Secrets: A Need-to-Know Guide. O'Reilly. ISBN978-0-9752402-4-3.
• Feldt, Kenneth C. (2007). Programming Firefox. O'Reilly. ISBN978-0-596-10243-2.
• Granneman, Scott (2005). Don't Click on the Blue e!: Switching to Firefox. O'Reilly. ISBN978-0-596-00939-7.
• Hofmann, Chris; Marcia Knous; John Hedtke (2005). Firefox and Thunderbird Garage. Prentice Hall PTR. ISBN978-0-13-187004-8.
• McFarlane, Nigel (2005). Firefox Hacks. O'Reilly. ISBN978-0-596-00928-1.
• Reyes, Mel (2005). Hacking Firefox: More Than 150 Hacks, Mods, and Customizations. Wiley. ISBN978-0-7645-9650-6.
• Ross, Blake (2006). Firefox for Dummies. Wiley. ISBN978-0-471-74899-1.

External links[edit]

• Firefox at Curlie